Electric Forces and Coulomb's Law

Tutorials on electric forces with examples and explanations.

Electric Forces

Electric charges of the same sign repel each other and charges of opposite signs attract each other.

Charges of opposite signs electric forces between two charges of opposite signs

Both charges are positive electric forces between two charges of the same sign: positive

Both charges are negative electric forces between two charges of the same sign: negative

Coulomb's Law

The forces on two charges of opposite signs for example, separated by a distance r are quantified by Coulomb's law as follows: electric forces between charges

$|F_1| = |F_2| = k \dfrac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2}$
where $|F_1|$ and $|F_2|$ are the magnitudes of forces $F_1$ and $F_2$, $r$ is the distance separating the two charges $q_1$ and $q_2$ and $k$ is a constant.

More Than Two Charges

In the example below, there are more than two charges: $q_1$ positive and $q_2$ and q3 negative. There are two forces acting on q1 and the resultant force is the sum of the forces $F_1$ + $F_3$ (addition of vectors since the forces are represented by vectors)

electric forces between more than two charges